Depression and anxiety: Understanding the overlap

Depression and anxiety are two of the most common mental health concerns, and they often occur together. Many people who experience one also notice symptoms of the other – a combination sometimes called comorbid depression and anxiety. Understanding how these conditions interact can help you find the right support and feel less alone.

What’s the Difference?

Although depression and anxiety are different diagnoses, they share some features:

• Depression is often linked to persistent low mood, loss of interest or pleasure, fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness.
• Anxiety usually involves excessive worry, restlessness, physical tension, or a racing heart.

While they have distinct characteristics, both affect how you think, feel, and behave.

Why They Often Happen Together

There are several reasons why depression and anxiety frequently overlap:

• Shared biological factors: changes in brain chemistry, hormone levels, or the stress response system can contribute to both.
• Life stressors and trauma: bereavement, abuse, financial worries, or long-term stress may trigger either or both conditions.
• Thinking patterns: self-critical thoughts, perfectionism, or over-thinking can maintain anxiety and low mood at the same time.

Signs You Might Be Experiencing Both

If you are experiencing combined depression and anxiety you might describe feeling tense or on edge, yet also lack motivation or energy. You might have difficulty concentrating, making decisions, or sleeping, feel a sense of dread in the morning, followed by fatigue later in the day.

Physical symptoms such as headaches, stomach upset, or muscle tension can be a common indicator. Recognising these signs is the first step towards seeking help.

How Therapy Can Support You Through Depression and Anxiety

Counselling can be an effective way to explore how anxiety and depression interact in your life. Therapy can help you:

• Identify triggers and unhelpful patterns of thinking or behaving
• Develop healthier coping strategies for stressful situations
• Build self-compassion and resilience
• Work through underlying experiences and perhaps childhood trauma that may be fuelling your symptoms

Approaches such as psychodynamic therapy, CBT, or integrative counselling give space to understand your emotions and create long-term change.

Practical Tips for Daily Life

While professional support is important, small changes at home can also make a difference:

• Keep a regular sleep routine
• Eat balanced meals and stay hydrated
• Include regular and gentle exercise, like walking or stretching
• Limit caffeine and alcohol, which can heighten anxiety
• Stay connected with supportive friends or groups

Taking the Next Step

If you’re living with symptoms of both depression and anxiety, remember you don’t have to manage them alone. Speaking with a qualified therapist can provide clarity and tools to help you move forward.